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Topics - Pangaea

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1
The Fridge / Five years on The Gang Of Five
« on: June 12, 2014, 12:23:24 PM »
Hello again, everyone.

It perpetually perplexes me how we can look back in time to a certain point in our lives, and marvel at how long ago it was and how so much has changed in that interval; and, alternately (sometimes simultaneously), shake our heads in amazement at how fast the years flew by, challenged to believe that it has really been so long.

Surely I am not the only one who has experienced this paradox of retrospection? Ever since I became aware of the personal milestone marked by this particular year, this is the feeling I have had nearly every time I have spared a thought for this forum.

It was this exact time on this exact date exactly five years ago (1,826 calendar days, to be precise) that I made my very first post on The Gang Of Five, officially becoming an active member of an Internet forum for the first time in my life. It is an anniversary that I feel compelled, if not obliged, to commemorate, as this was truly a life-changing event for me, and I have you, the members of the GOF, who welcomed me with open arms into the friendliest and most compassionate online family I could imagine, to thank for it.

Looking back, it amazes me how a random, nostalgia-incited (and ultimately temporary) bout of obsession with an animated film franchise from my childhood led me to one of the nicest places on the Web, and started me on a journey that would profoundly change my life for the better. It was one of those unforeseeable life-changing turns of events that seem utterly improbable in retrospect.

When I first joined the forum, I was an intensely shy and cautious individual, unsure of how to approach people or interact with them. Five years later, I’m still timid and introverted, but not as severely so as before, and I have vastly more confidence in social situations and communicating with people. Granted, it’s hard for me to say how much of my growth over the past five years I can attribute directly to the GOF, but I’ll be a sharptooth’s uncle if it hasn’t been a significant factor.

Certainly The Gang Of Five has done more for my psychological health than any doctor ever did. Posts citing me in The Member Appreciation Thread and nominations I received for the GOF Awards were among the greatest self-esteem boosts I have ever received. It has given me opportunities to communicate with people from all over the world, bearing a myriad of opinions, worldviews, and backgrounds. I’ve made friends, learned how to open up to people, experimented with new social media like Facebook and Skype, and expanded my social life beyond what it ever was before. I’ve learned new skills and developed preexisting ones, tried new things and discovered new interests. Thanks to the GOF I have broadened my horizons immensely.

But it’s not just my own personal growth for which I owe the GOF a debt of gratitude. I am also thankful for all the opportunities the forum has given me to pay back the favor to some meager extent; the times when I was able to make a positive difference in the lives of other members, however minor or fleeting my impact may have been. Whether by reviewing stories, critiquing artwork, creating star day cards, sharing scientific knowledge, providing a chuckle via a humorous caption or quip, supplying stimulating conversation, or just offering kindness and sympathy, it has been my honor and my pleasure to be able to benefit my fellow GOF members. It brings me immense joy and fulfillment to know that someone’s day is just a little bit brighter because of something I have done, and that maybe I can be of some value to the world after all.

I wish I could say that my level of activity on the GOF has remained consistent for these past five years. Regretfully, over the last two years or so, I have been visiting the forum less and less. I’m not entirely sure why myself. Perhaps one factor was the declining activity of various other members on the forum with whom I was friends or otherwise connected. It’s also likely that I was wearing myself too thin focusing on certain activities (including artwork, reviewing, and RPing) that had started out as fun, spontaneous pastimes, but that had somehow developed into challenging chores that I found more stressful than enjoyable. I find it all rather depressing, knowing how much I once loved spending time here.

There is one thing I can promise you all, though: I don’t ever plan on breaking ties with the GOF. This forum, and the connections I have made with people here, are too precious to me. If anyone ever wants to talk to me, share something with me, ask me a question, or just check up on how I’m doing, just send me a message. I have my GOF account set up so that I should be notified by e-mail whenever a PM is sent to me, or a post is made in my “ask me” thread. In addition, I have posted my contact information in the relevant thread in the AM section. If you wish to hear from me, I will be at arm’s length. I hope to maintainóand even strengthenómy friendships on this forum for years to come.

Thank you to the GOF and all my fellow members, for five wonderful years, and all that you have done for me in that time. :DD

Sincerely,


2
Role Play Discussion / In The Land Before Time: Cast of Characters
« on: July 30, 2013, 09:40:04 PM »
PLEASE DO NOT POST IN THIS THREAD

If you have any comments, questions, corrections, updates, requests or other topics of discussion involving this thread and its RP, please post them in the Members Meeting the Characters thread, so this RP can have just one thread dedicated to discussion. Thank you.

This is to be the official cast list for "In The Land Before Time", listing all players currently participating in the RP and the characters they are playing.

Each entry consists of the player's name, followed by the name they use in the RP (if different from their forum name), and then their dinosona species (if they have a dinosaur form in the RP). Below that is a list of the characters they are currently playing.

Pangaea: glider (Microraptor; Guido’s species)
Guido
Ozzy
Strut
Screech
Red Claw

Amy (Rat_lady7): Didelphodon (opossum-like mammal), formerly a flyer (Pteranodon)
Hyp
Rinkus

FlipperBoidSkua (Sparky): adolescent longclaw (Therizinosaurus)
Gigano: Giganotosaurus from LBT V
Lio: Liopleurodon from LBT IX
Thud
Sierra

LBTDiclonius (Nana): adolescent longneck (Apatosaurus; Littlefoot’s species)
Tinysauruses (miniature longnecks) from LBT XI

Redtooth101 (Daniel): sharptooth flyer (Cearadactylus; Sierra’s species) with alternate Spinosaurus form
Stromer: Spinosaurus from LBT XII

Fyn16 (Fyn): fin-neck (Amargasaurus); a dinosona (formerly called Miles) whose memories were replaced with those of his OC
Such (pronounced “sook”): Suchomimus OC

The Chronicler (Chronicler): fast runner (Oviraptor)
Ruby

vonboy (Von): human
Chomper
Cutter: fast biter OC
Bo: fast biter(?) OC
Guaro: fast biter(?) OC

Cancerian Tiger (Anna): swimmer with alternate human form
Cera
Ducky
Tricia
Ducky’s mother

LBTFan13 (Rob): fast biter, formerly a longneck (Apatosaurus) with an alternate human form
Mr. Threehorn
Littlefoot
Zaine: longneck OC

Belmont2500 (John): human
Ali
Shorty
Bron
Mrs. Maia

The Great Valley Guardian (Rick): longneck (Saltasaurus)
Longtail: flyer OC
Cyrix: rainbow face OC
Spike
Grandma Longneck

Blitz: Ophthalmosaurus (Mo’s species)
Mo

Characters Currently Not Being Played:
Petrie
Rebecca (Petrie’s mother)
Mama Swimmer
Grandpa Longneck
Tria
Rooter
Nod
Mutt
Hyp's dad
Ichy
Dil
Archie
Tickles
Dinah
Dana
Doc
Mr. Thicknose
Tippy
Mrs. Mama (longneck from LBT IX)
Dara
Swooper (blind flyer from “The Hermit of Blackrock”)
Skip (talking mammal from “Return to Hanging Rock”)

Again, if you wish to post anything relating to this list and its RP, please do so in the Members Meeting the Characters thread, and NOT this one. Thanks. :)

3
Visual Art / Pangaea’s Card Art
« on: March 08, 2013, 08:35:50 AM »
Yes, astonishingly enough, not only is Pangaea posting new artwork, but he’s started another thread for it!

Those of you who have been on the GOF a while may already be familiar with the personalized illustrated cards I have made as star day gifts for some members. What you may not know is that I have been making similar cards as gifts for friends and relatives for many years previously, and continue to do so outside the GOF today.

Though I don’t make so many star day cards anymore, I have always intended to compile them all in a single thread, so that they may be easily viewed by both their recipients and any other members who happen to enjoy them. Originally, that location was going to be my main LBT art thread. However, not all of the cards have been strictly LBT-related, and there are so many of them that I wondered if perhaps I should give them their own thread.

Meanwhile, as I continued my long-held tradition of making cards for my family on holidays, birthdays, and anniversaries, I had entered a new era of card art (beginning in Christmas 2010, and really taking off in May 2011). I started inventing strange, random creatures for each new card, cards that were becoming more elaborate and meticulously drawn than ever. At the same time, my three siblings (all of whom are also artists who create cards for special occasions) were similarly refining their card art styles. Cards were becoming such prized pieces of artwork in our family that we began collecting them in an album. It may be because of this that I went from viewing my cards as a disjointed collection of unrelated drawings to a cohesive series. Thus was born the universe of the Card Critters, a vast and constantly growing menagerie of diverse beings: some real, some imagined, some based on modern animals, others extinct; some derived from mythology or popular culture, others invented entirely by me. Many of them have become recurring characters, appearing in multiple cards, and the creatures on any one card often interact with each other in random and amusing ways. Eventually, elements of the Card Critter universe began bleeding through into my GOF cards, and I had the idea to make a thread dedicated to my card artwork; mainly the star day cards, but also my non-GOF, non-LBT card universe. I probably won’t be sharing any of the actual cards I’ve made for family members featuring the Card Critters, but there’s a possibility that I’ll share sketches, character concepts, and even mini-projects (e.g., character guides?) related to them.

And just as I prepared a custom signature image for the opening post of my LBT art thread, I thought it fitting to create a special piece of cover art for this one:

[align=center](If the image isn't showing up, here's the URL.
If the image isn't showing up, here's the URL.)[/align]
When designing this title, I was very systematic in selecting characters that I hoped would represent the style of my cards as broadly and indicatively as possible. Those of you who have seen my LBT art thread will probably recognize my longneck pen that I typically use to write my official artist’s signature, shown here doing exactly that. The other characters are performing the Card Critters’ typical job: creating the shapes of the letters. For each character, I have provided one or two paragraphs explaining who it is and why I chose it for this title. Hopefully this guide is not so long that most of you will not bother reading it. :oops

C: In late July 2011, I made a birthday card for my youngest brother featuring four small winged serpents with party hats; characters I dubbed “the Party Amphipteres” (pronounced “AM-fih-tare”; a kind of mythological flying snake or legless dragon). They have since become perhaps the most iconic of my card critters, having appeared in twenty out of the thirty-two cards I have made since first creating them. They are ideal for cards because they are simple to draw, but also incredibly versatile: their snakelike bodies permit them to be bent into a huge variety of shapes, and the fact that they have wings means that they can be suspended in mid-air anywhere in a picture, even on cards where the law of gravity is meant to be in effect. :p So far they have served as stand-ins in for fourteen different letters of the alphabet, and I have imagined how they could form the shapes of the other half of the alphabet as well (both uppercase and lowercase). Someday I’m going to draw a visual amphiptere alphabet showing how this is possible.
Party Amphipteres are never seen without their hats. True to their name, they typically wear party hats, but I have also drawn them in fezzes, Stetsons, Santa Claus hats, fancy feathered hats, horned helmets, and once, a paper bag. :lol I have a regular cast of ëpteres who make recurring appearances on my cards, and who I usually try to depict with distinct personalities. The one shown here is the de facto leader, the Green Amphiptere (Yeah, I’m still working on names :p). I also occasionally “ëptere-ify” characters from other media, caricaturing them as Party Amphipteres. (One of these days I’m going to do this with the LBT gang. :p)

a: This colorful little fellow is a trilobite. Known from over 20,000 described species, ranging from about one millimeter to over two feet long, this extinct class of arthropods inhabited the world’s oceans for at least 270 million years. (To see just a hint of their diversity, check out my trilobite fossil photos from my visits to the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History and Science Museum of Minnesota.) Among the oldest complex animals to evolve on Earth and witnesses to the entire Paleozoic era; beloved among fossil collectors and useful to geologists for determining the age of rock strata; familiar, elegant, and distinctly prehistoric; trilobites are, in my mind, the perfect emblem for paleontology and all things extinct.
Although there are many very cool-looking trilobites out there, those I draw are usually of the generalized, basic-looking variety most people are familiar with, mainly because the more unusual varieties are much harder to draw. Even these generic trilobites are lots of fun, though. I typically like to give them bright colors and interesting patterns, partly because of my fondness for bright hues, but also to make up for the hordes of trilobites I’ve seen illustrated in paleoart with drab, solid color schemes, as if the artists had assumed that the colors of the fossils themselves were indicative of how the living animals were colored. :rolleyes

r: Given that this is cover art for a thread largely dedicated to my LBT-themed cards, I of course had to feature one of the gang in this title. Strangely I went with Ducky, the one whom I have the hardest time drawing. She is a LBT character I am particularly fond of, however, as well as being the best candidate to stand in for a lowercase letter ër’. I also couldn’t resist the adorable imagery of her encountering the Fluffy Raptor (who, rest assured, is just as surprised by Ducky as she is by him, and poses absolutely no threat to our little swimmer).

d: This little guy is known to me as “the Fluffy Raptor”. Some time ago I learned that dromaeosaurs and other feathered dinosaurs probably had much poofier plumage than they are often depicted with. The Fluffy Raptor was my first attempt at drawing a properly poofed out feathered dinosaur. He’s still not entirely scientifically accurate: he’s not based on any specific species of feathered theropod (though I do remember thinking of Velociraptor while first designing him); he has unusually tiny forelimbs with only a single visible claw, and I doubt that real-life raptors could hold their tails at a 90? angle like he is doing here. However, by the same virtue, he is an excellent example of how I tend to draw animal characters: fairly realistic, but stylized just enough to make them extra expressive.
I’ve noticed that the Fluffy Raptor seems to get fatter and fluffier every time I draw him. :lol In his defense, he is deliberately puffing out his feathers here in order to look as round and fluffy as possible, the reason being that he’s spooked by Duckyóbecause, after all, who wouldn’t be? :póand his instinctive response is to make himself look larger and more intimidating (Riiiiight… :lol). His striped pattern and the red ring around his eye are traits common to many of the dinosaurs and pterosaurs I draw: I’m very fond of putting earth-toned patterns on my fuzzy archosaurs (in the case of raptors I’ve always thought stripes looked particularly good), and for some reason I really like giving my theropods and pterosaurs a colorful ring of skin around the eye, like some birds have.

A: I call this character “The Squid Who Is Inexplicably Wearing Pants”. :lol I can say without irony that he is one of my proudest creations; even I was surprised by how popular he turned out to be. Whenever he is included in a lineup of my card critters, he is usually one of the first characters people comment on. I love this character not only because he is so hilariously random and is a cephalopod (one of the most spectacular, beautiful, bizarre, and enchanting animal groups ever, in my opinion), but because the story of his origin exemplifies my creative process (or at least one of the paths it sometimes takes) in a way few of my other characters can: It was June or July of 2012; I was rushing to complete a rather elaborate card consisting of over twenty characters. One of the last letters was an ëA’, a letter I have trouble coming up with ideas for at the best of times, and at that point my creative well was running dry. As I struggled to think of a creature that could form the shape of an ëA’, one of my first thoughts was to use a squid or straight-shelled nautiloid, with the tentacles spread apart to form the “legs” of the letter. I was reluctant, however, since I drawn such a character once before, and had not been very satisfied with the result. Sure enough, none of my practice sketches turned out very well, and I decided to turn to something else. I thought of an ëA’ that I had drawn on another card over a year prior; a cartoonish personified version of the actual letter, with a single eye in the center, a conical party hat on top, and a pair of pants covering the “legs”. I didn’t want to reuse that particular character, since I didn’t feel that he suited the tone or style of the card I was making, but I considered possibly revamping the character, or finding some other way to incorporate pants into the letter I was working on. Suddenly, I experienced something akin to an imaginational short circuit: the cephalopod idea, still fresh in my mind, fused with the image of a creature wearing pants, and in an instant, the Squid Who Is Inexplicably Wearing Pants sprang forth fully formed, name and all, into my mind. Instantly all thoughts of further brainstorming evaporated, as I knew I had my letter. Using a tiny but realistic toy squid and a pair of pants as reference, I drew out the character, who turned out to be a hit with both the recipient of the card and everyone else I showed it to. The Squid has returned several times since then; I believe this marks his fifth official appearance.
The pants, by the way, are based on a pair of beige slacks (which are, incidentally, part of the uniform I wear when volunteering at an aquarium), not blue jeans; I colored them blue because it complements the red of the squid so well. The Squid, for his part, has no more idea as to why he is wearing pants than you or anyone else does, myself included. :p

r: A small dragon, standing on its head. Rotating a character by 90 or 180 degrees is a simple and very handy method for dealing with letters that might otherwise be difficult to represent. For example, a fat frog tilted on its side can become a ëD’, while a dodo balancing on its beak can stand in for a ëP’. Oftentimes, however, I draw characters in unusual positions just because I can. :p There’s something I find hilarious and adorable about upside-down characters (maybe that’s one reason I find bats so endearing), and they appear regularly in my cards.
Dragons are among the most common card critters I draw, which probably has a lot to do with sheer freedom of design: although just about everyone has a familiar mental image of the archetypal dragon, there are virtually no rules as to what a dragon should look like. As a result, I revel in creating dragons with unorthodox designs and unique characteristics: furry, mammalian Chinese dragons; rotund wyverns with stubby legs and wings; dragons with sickle-shaped heads, beak-tipped snouts, serrated jaws, sluglike bodies, hook-tipped tails, therizinosaur claws, and spiky beards. And so on. The saw-edged tail of this dragon was inspired by Pterorhynchus wellnhoferi a pterosaur with a series of flanges running along the top and underside of its tail. I’m guessing that they probably weren’t used to slash at enemies, but it looks cool enough to borrow for one of my critters.

t: Chibis
It was sometime between January and May 2011 when I started drawing chibis (apparently pronounced “CHEE-bee”; a term which I understood at the time to be a style of drawing characters with short, stubby proportions to make them look cutesy). My chibi style typically involves beginning with a rotund body shape, and adding features to it until it satisfactorily resembles the creature or character I have in mind. Chibis usually appear in my cards in groups, stacked or clustered together to form exclamation points and letters like H’s and N’s that are difficult to portray with a single character. I have also been increasingly using them to stand in for squat, rounded lowercase letters such as o’s and a’s. My chibis are usually the smallest characters on a card; they usually end up at around one centimeter (2/5 of an inch) or less in diameter. Recently, however, I have found myself drawing “giant chibis”, similar in shape and other features to my regular chibis, but considerably larger, allowing for more detail. I gave up on counting exactly how many chibi characters I have drawn so far, but I know that it is over four dozen. As for the six chibis I have drawn here, I will be describing them in turn from bottom to top, left to right:
  • Derpy: One of my favorite methods of making a card character more comedic or endearingly random is to give it “derp eyes”. :wacko It’s hard to find a card without at least one character sporting misaligned pupils; I’ve put them on everything from dragons, to moths, to platypuses. :p For this cover, I thought it fair to pay homage to my original inspiration for this stylistic habit: “Derpy Hooves”, the legendary background character from My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic.
  • Walrus: For a long time now I have loved using walruses as comedic characters. Not only are they some of the most comical-looking animals out there, but I find “walrus” to be an inherently hilarious word; ideal for inserting into a sentence or phrase, Mad Libs-style, to create an amusing and random mental image. As a result, it’s very easy for me to come up with humorous ways to portray walruses, such as standing on their heads, offering aspirin to Liopleurodon, spontaneously falling from the sky, and, of course, holding buckets. :p They are the blubbery, tusked, mustached agents of randomness. Thus, when creating a picture intended to be symbolic of my card art, it behooved me to pay tribute to the walrus.
  • Alien: Ever since I read Expedition by Wayne Barlowe, I’ve loved drawing alien creatures. Some have been serious attempts at creating plausible alien life forms; others are simply weird creatures that don’t quite fit in with any of my Earth-based characters and therefore become classified as extraterrestrials; a few are completely bizarre, implausible creatures that I envision as hailing from another dimension where the laws of physics are different or absent. I personally find humanoid aliens to be horrendously boring, :p so when I want to evoke the classic image of an alien; a design that’s original, but instantly recognizable as an alien, I come up with characters like this guy. Hopefully I’ll be able to share some of my more creative alien designs in the future.
  • Viking: I typically draw very few human characters, but in the past year (arguably it began in June 2011, but it really took off in May 2012), an entire world in the Card Critter universe has grown around one exceptional group of them: the Vikings. Before I go on, I feel a disclaimer is in order here: my “Vikings” are pointedly not based on real-life Vikings, who did not wear horned helmets into battle, whose ships usually had sails (or at least oars), and who probably did not have regular encounters with dragons and sea monsters like those that I frequently portray in my cards. :p At best, they’re my take on the romanticized Vikings of popular culture, my chief sources of inspiration being the Vikings of the online game Ice Breaker (namely the chibiesque design) and the movie How to Train Your Dragon. In a nutshell, my Vikings are a band of slightly sub-sane seafaring glory-seekers (Well, at least the chief is; most of the rest of the crew would rather take a day off from adventuring whenever they had the chance) who regularly run afoul of the monstrous residents of the seas and lands they attempt to conquer. The creatures they meet are seldom aggressive, sometimes mischievous, and always seem to get the better of the Vikings one way or another.
    This particular Viking also happens to be a self-portrait, or at least a self-caricature, sporting the same bushy reddish beard and curly “bullhorn sideburns” that I have. As I mentioned before with my Party Amphipteres, sometimes I affectionately caricaturize people and characters from popular media as Card Critters, this being a rather straightforward example (normally the person being caricatured does not remain human :p).
  • Chicken: In my experience, when you need an easy-to-draw creature to give your picture a booster shot of comedy and/or cuteness, and you don’t have room for a walrus, you can’t go wrong with a fat bird. :lol And one should never underestimate the comic potential of the humble chicken. They make for great “straight men critters” because they’re so inherently funny that you can draw them pretty much just standing there and it’s amusing. This chicken also exemplifies the unusually vivid color schemes I sometimes give to my card critters (especially deliberately cartoony ones like chibis), sometimes in complete defiance of what would be considered realistic for their species: green bats, blue rabbits, purple brachiopods, etc. (There’s a reason I chose these particular colors for this chicken; I’ll wait to see if anyone gets the joke.)
  • White Tent Bat: For as long as I can remember, bats have been some of my favorite animals, so it should come as no surprise that they appear regularly among my card critters. They can be tricky to draw, however, especially when it comes to their wings. (In fact, I don’t think I have yet managed to draw a batóflying or perchingówith accurate wing anatomy.) This is one of my favorite bats to draw: the Honduran white tent bat, arguably one of the most adorable mammals alive (see the first two photos in this post). Not only are they simple to draw, but they’re one of those rare animals that comes pre-chibified, courtesy of evolution. :p And, like most of my chibis, they naturally tend to be found in clusters, so if I have the patience to draw a lot of them, they’re perfect for forming letters (and as far as I’m concerned, you’d be hard-pressed to find a cuter letter than one consisting entirely of fluffy snuggling bats ). Admittedly, there’s not much that I specifically use bats for on my cards, but I guess you could say that they represent my obsessions; the things I draw simply because I am passionate about them.
To anyone who took the time to read all of this, thank you very much. And thank you in advance to everyone who chooses to leave comments. I greatly appreciate hearing what people think of my artwork.

EDIT: Uh-oh…did the image turn out too big? Is it stretching the text out too much? Please let me know if I should upload a smaller version of the picture and create a link to the full-sized version.

4
1988 Theatrical Release / Anniversary of The Land Before Time
« on: November 19, 2012, 01:09:05 AM »
It's November 18, 2012: twenty-four years since The Land Before Time was first released in U.S. theaters.

One more year until LBT hits the quarter-century mark. Imagine that. :wow

Just posting to wish our favorite dinosaurs a happy 24th birthday. :birthday :smile :DD :p :lol :angel

EDIT: Somehow, I feel a compulsion to ritualistically bake the gang a cake. :P: Be back soon.

5
Starday Wishes / Happy Star Day, Fyn16/Horizon!
« on: October 09, 2012, 02:40:40 AM »
Here's to a certain awesome member's first star day on the GOF. :D Happy 19th, Fyn! :birthday :smile

P.S. In case you haven't seen the LBT TV episode "The Star Day Celebration", a "star day" is an LBT term for a birthday, called such because the date is determined by observing the positions of the stars. (LBT V contained a passing reference to the potential alternative term "hatchday", but that doesn't work as well for humans, so we use "star day" when celebrating members' birthdays. :p)

Littlefoot505: I have edited the title to reflect Fyn's recent name change.

6
The Fridge / Sharptooth's shaggy uncle discovered
« on: April 05, 2012, 10:18:20 AM »
I happened by this news the other day, and it was so exciting that I decided I had to share it.


The new dinosaur is called Yutyrannus huali, meaning "beautiful feathered tyrant". It was a close relative of Tyrannosaurus rex that lived in northern China in the early Cretaceous, about 125 million years ago. Three specimens were discovered preserved together (suggesting that it may have been social), all of them with patchy skin impressions showing six-inch-long filamentous feathers, suggesting a coat of downy plumage that probably covered much of the body.

Yutyrannus isn't the first feathered tyrannosaur to be discovered: Dilong paradoxus, a primitive, six-foot-long member of the family described in 2004, holds that title. And it wasn't nearly as big as Tyrannosaurus rex, either. But at 30 feet (9 meters) long and weighing 1–1.5 tons, Yutyrannus is the largest confirmed feathered dinosauróand, if you think about it, the largest feathered creature of any kindóyet discovered. (The previous record holder, the 7-foot-long Beipiaosaurus inexpectus, is shown alongside Yutyrannusóalong with a couple of pterosaurs, maybe Feilongus youngi?óin this illustration.)

This find is exciting because it's long been debated whether theropods with fuzzy ancestors lost their feathers when they grew to large sizes (similar to how large mammals like elephants and rhinos have less hair to better keep cool). Yutyrannus's habitat is believed to have been colder than that of many other dinosaurs, so it's still possible that it was the woolly mammoth to T. rex's elephant. But it proves that "large dinosaur" does not necessarily equal "no feathers". So the next time any of you dinosaur artists out there draws a big theropod in a nippy climate, feel free to make it fuzzy! :smile

News links:
Archosaur Musings
Not Exactly Rocket Science

P.S. Don'tcha just love the little goatees the artist puts on the Yutyrannus? :lol I don't think that was evidenced in any of the feather impressions, but it sure looks good. The first thing I thought of when I saw that was Sky's wingtail character Aizon. Hey, Sky, do you know what this means? A professional paleoartist had the same idea for one of his scientific illustrations that you had for your own feathered dinosaur character! Even if there's no direct evidence for it, he endorses feather goatees as plausible theropod plumage! That's pretty cool. :!

7
Starday Wishes / Happy star day, FlipperBoidSkua!
« on: October 07, 2011, 02:25:40 AM »
Holy buckets, I just noticed that today is the 21st birthday of one of my bestest buddies on the forum. :o Somehow I had thought that your birthday was still at least a month away, so I don't have a star day card prepared for you, Sparky. :oops The most I can offer you for now is this thread.

Happy star day, Spazzy Sparky! :birthday :wow :D :smile :wacko :p :lol: :angel :huh: :! :spit :confused :nyah :lol :cheers :DD :celebrate

8
General Land Before Time / Ozzy and Strut's diets
« on: September 08, 2011, 05:36:53 PM »
I feel that this forum is in need of some new topics for LBT-related conversation, so here's a question that I've been pondering for a while that I hope will garner some discussion and inspire speculation: what do Ozzy and Strut eat? Now, the seemingly obvious answer would be "eggs!" (with a fair chance of the individual answering the question including the phrase "duh" in their response :p), and if Ozzy had his way, that is probably what they would eat all the time, but given the inherent difficulties in acquiring eggs for food, I don't think this is the case.

Granted, Ozzy and Strut were more unlucky than incompetent in their efforts to steal eggs from the Great Valley dinosaurs (Ozzy's first attempt was thwarted in the nick of time by a fortuitous airborne rock; the second time, the gang actively intervened to save the egg that the pair had already succeeded in taking; and the third time, an unintentional distraction provided by the gang sidetracked the egg stealers until the nest's guardian returned to drive them off), so, if given a sufficient quantity of nest-raiding opportunities without the interference of a certain group of leafeater children, it's conceivable that the pair could subsist on eggs alone. However, it's likely that nesting dinosaurs are few and far between outside the Great Valley, and it's implied in Ozzy and Strut's introductory scene that the valley is a considerably richer feeding ground than what they're used to. At any rate, I think that even Ozzy (who, judging by his opposition to Strut's herbivory, probably wouldn't dream of eating plants unless he was near starvation) would have to have some kind of alternative food source to fall back on when he and Strut couldn't find eggs.

In real life, Struthiomimus was probably either chiefly herbivorous, eating leaves and fruit, or omnivorous, eating small reptiles, mammals, insects, and possibly eggs in addition to the above. In addition to being toothless, its beak and hands were poorly adapted for killing, so it probably didn't eat anything that it couldn't swallow in one gulp.

Fruit is never brought up as a potential egg stealer food in LBT (Ozzy only explicitly disapproves of Strut eating vegetation; i.e., leaves, grass, and twigs), so that may be something that both Ozzy and Strut would consider palatable. Insects and small vertebrates are another possibility, depending on the extent to which the omnivorous tastes of egg stealers overlap with those of sharpteeth. This brings us to a somewhat dark question posed by FlipperBoidSkua that originally inspired this thread: Would Ozzy see the unborn dinosaur inside an egg as a food source? Ozzy's reaction upon hearing that "his" egg has hatched could be interpreted as evidence that he considers hatchlings inedible, but it's also possible that he just has an overwhelming preference for omelets over meat. Likewise, his statement to Chomper near the end of the movie, "You I liked much better as an egg", could be interpreted as either "I preferred you when you were edible and didn't annoy us" or "I would have rather eaten you when you were tastier and less annoying" (I remember Malte mentioning somewhere that the German translation of LBT II favored the latter interpretation).

So what do you think? What do you see as being on the menu for Ozzy and Strut?

9
Starday Wishes / Happy star day, karkovice!
« on: February 25, 2011, 12:56:14 AM »
We have a GOF member turning 39 today! :wow

Happy star day, karkovice! :DD

:birthday :cheers :celebrate :celebrate :celebrate :celebrate :celebrate :celebrate :celebrate :celebrate :celebrate

10
1988 Theatrical Release / 22nd Anniversary of The Land Before Time
« on: November 18, 2010, 01:11:45 PM »
I woke up at 4 AM today, and after I noticed that it was the 18th, I could swear I had a nagging thought in the back of my head that there was something important about the date. I think it hit me at around 7 AM: I thought, “Holy buckets! It’s The Land Before Time’s 22nd anniversary!” :blink: Or, as Malte would say, it’s LBT’s second schnappszahl birthday! :smile

Specifically, today is the anniversary of the original movie’s release in the United States (The second schnappszahl of LBT’s German release won’t be until June 22, 2011). Unfortunately I don’t have anything to commemorate the occasion. (It would’ve been nice if I’d remembered sooner and made a birthday picture for LBT. Oh well.)

Anyway, a happy 22nd birthday to The Land Before Time! :birthday :birthday :celebrate :cheers Here's hoping Universal will think to release an anniversary edition of the movie one of these days. :angel

P.S. For those who don't know, a schnappszahl (am I spelling it right?) is a German word for a number with two or more digits in which all of the digits are the same. 11 is the first schnappszahl number, 33 is the third, 222 is the eleventh, you get the idea. (I learned the term from Malte on my own 22nd birthday, and now I look for any opportunity to use it. :p)

11
The Party Room / The funniest things you've said or heard
« on: August 23, 2010, 12:01:35 PM »
This is a thread for posting witty quotes, funny stories, and transcripts of amusing conversations from real life. These include wisecracks, taunts, and unintentionally hilarious things that you have said or heard someone else say, funny stories and experiences you have had, and humorous exchanges between two or more people that you have overheard or been involved in. Subjects of stories and speakers of quotes can be you, family members, friends, acquaintances, or complete strangers; as long as it’s something you’ve said, heard, witnessed, or experienced in the real world (and not routines or staged performances as in a play or a comedian’s stand-up act), and isn’t too rude, dirty, or otherwise inappropriate (see the GOF censorship rules), it’s acceptable.

This thread is not to be confused with the “Funniest Quotes You've Heard
Funniest Quotes You've Heard” thread in the Silver Screen section, as all quotes and stories in this thread must be from real life, not from movies or television. It is also distinct from the “Make your own quotes” thread, because quotes here must specifically be humorous. And that said, the stories and quotes shared here should not be jokes, per se; those should be posted in this thread.

To start off, and to provide examples of the kind of material that should go in this thread, I am reposting these quotes (originally posted here), all conversations that took place between members of my wacky family, :p which essentially provided the original inspiration for this thread. Enjoy! :smile

Quote
Me: “I would appreciate it if you would let me get a word in edgewise.”

My older younger brother: “But we ain’t in edgewise. We’re in Minnesota!”



My sister: “Hey, guys. Guess what? Today I saw a real dead human brain.”

Me: “Great. I’m glad you two were finally reunited.”




My older younger brother: “There are monkeys in this world!”

Me: “Of course. There’s one in the living room talking right now.”




*My brothers and I are watching a Three Stooges short, and our mom walks in.*

My mom: “What’s this show called?”

My youngest brother: “ëI’m A Monkey’s Uncle’ (*the title of the short*).”

My older younger brother: “You are?”




*My mom and older younger brother are sitting on the couch in the living room. I’m looking for my two youngest siblings.*

Me: “Where are those other two chumps?”

My mom: “I don’t know. (*pause*) Hey! What do you mean by ëother chumps’?”




Me: (*carrying a roast turkey from the oven*) “Turkey coming through!”

My mom: “You talking about yourself?”



Me: “You can pick your friends, but not your family.”

My mom: “You can pick your friends, you can pick your petsó”

My dad: “You can pick your nose…”




My mom: “That’s the weirdest thing I’ve ever seen.”

Me: “Ah, I’ve seen weirder things.”

My sister: “Yeah, the mirror.”

P.S. I’d like to thank Cancerian Tiger for suggesting this thread, and Rat_lady7 for asking the question in my “Ask Me” thread that led to me originally posting the above quotes. :)

12
LBT Fanart / Pangaea's LBT Artwork
« on: August 14, 2010, 06:55:21 AM »
After over a year as a GOF member and reviewing other people’s art, I’ve finally decided to start an art thread of my own.

I’ve been an artist for as long as I can remember. I’ve been drawing all my life, and dinosaurs have long been some of my foremost subjects. My history of making LBT art, however, is barely longer than my tenure as a GOF member (shorter if you consider the moment I signed up to be the beginning of my membership). I’ve done a few pieces, and even posted them on the forum (some of which I may share again here). Most of them I’m reasonably happy with, but as you might expect for such an obsessive nitpicker and perfectionist, I always see room for improvement.

Many people tell me I’m a good artist, but truthfully, I’m not a very confident one. I’m often reluctant to even get started on a piece of artwork, because it’s such a painstaking process for me. I have a shaky hand, so I have trouble drawing lines smoothly; I make a lot of mistakes, so I erase frequently; I have a hard time with proportion and scaling because I’m poor at visualizing my drawings ahead of time; I’ve never learned how to add dimension, shading, and texture to my pictures; and I have a tendency to misjudge the size of my drawings and run out of space on the paper. :bang Someday I hope to buy and learn to use a drawing tablet, so that I can make artwork on the computer, but for now, my drawing tools are limited to paper, pencil, and colored pencil. It’s not completely out of the question that I could make clay models and other three-dimensional forms of artwork that I post photos of, but those will almost certainly be few and far between.

In short, making art is a very time-consuming process for me, and as I can’t seem to find the time to get things done even when I’m not producing artwork on the side, you probably shouldn’t expect this thread to be updated too often. However, if I am convinced that my artwork is being seen and appreciated, it will almost certainly motivate me to make more. I very much hope that people will comment on what I post here and give me feedback, whether compliments or constructive criticism. Tell me what you like and what I’m doing well, and tell me what could use improvementóor better yet, give me suggestions and advice on HOW it can be improved. Feedback is the lifeblood of artists and writers, and it’s especially important to me. Your comments don’t need to be as exhaustive as the reviews I’ve left on other people’s work (though I’d certainly appreciate it if you could elaborate as much as possible ;)); what I most want to know is that my work is being seen, and what people think of it. For me, the best part of finishing a picture, a poem, or a story is showing it to other people, seeing their reactions, and hearing what they think of it. I hope you can do that for me. :)


My official artist’s signature, with my favorite pen that I used to write it. :smile

13
Starday Wishes / Happy star day, excalibur!
« on: July 16, 2010, 02:12:03 AM »
Whoa! Today's become a double star day! :wow

Congratulations, 2007excalibur2007, on turning sixteen! :birthday I don't know if there's any particular significance assigned to that age in Indonesia, but in some countries, it's a landmark, and since this is an international forum, we'll treat it that way here. :celebrate :celebrate :celebrate :celebrate

By the way, you don't have an "Ask Me" thread, but I've always been curious: why do you have "2007" at both ends of your screen name? :confused

14
The Written Word / The Equisetum's Lament
« on: May 21, 2010, 01:41:02 AM »
In February or March 2008, I was given an opportunity for extra credit in my Plant Systematics class: produce something creative (artwork, poetry, etc.) that relates to botany. It just so happened that the course material itself had already provided me with the perfect inspiration. We had just been studying the horsetails and scouring rushes (family Equisetaceae), and had learned that the fifteen living species in the genus Equisetum are the only surviving representatives of the horsetails’ entire class. (To put that in perspective, that would be like something like having fifteen species of mice being the only mammals on Earth.) This information so amazed me that I began thinking about what it would be like from the Equisetum’s perspective, being the last survivors of a formerly diverse and prominent group, now limited to growing in the shadows of trees and brightly colored flowers, and saddled with a name likening them to the posterior appendages of equines. And so I composed “The Equisetum’s Lament”, a poem told from the point of view of these plants, as they reflect on their ancestral grandeur and their present humble and overlooked status. The poem was very popular with my class, my professor, and my family, and of all the poems I’ve ever written, it’s almost certainly the one I’m most proud of. For some time I’ve been planning on sharing it here, and have finally gotten around to it. Some of the words I use are probably difficult to pronounce, and many are probably rather obscure to readers not acquainted with plant anatomy and classification. If you can’t say “Equisetaceae”, I direct you to the list of terms and scientific references I have provided below the poem.

I hope you enjoy the poem. Please tell me what you think. :)



The Equisetum’s Lament



These days we stand small and meek
growing by a shaded creek
Humans see our bankside clumps
and refer to us as horses’ rumps

If they’d only seen us in our day
they might have something else to say
Before flowers, grass, broad-leaves and fruit
Before the first angiosperm took root

Back in the Carboniferous time
we arthrophytes were in our prime
Some of us stood one hundred feet
We ruled the swamps of coal and peat

The insects first learned how to fly
beneath our towering strobili
And we saw the humans first crawl out
looking not so much like apes as trout

But to humans today, we’re a thing to dismiss
Pity that it’s come to this
Such a great and regal lot
now reduced to scrubbing pots

It seems our glory days are done
Once many genera, now just one
Our reign is over, yet here we stay
So remember the Equisetaceae



You need to have some knowledge of botany and paleontology in order to fully appreciate this poem. For the benefit of readers who have less familiarity with those subjects, here is a guide to all the scientific terms and allusions I use (including pronunciation):

ï Equisetum (Eh-kwih-see-tum): is the only living genus in the family Equisetaceae (Eh-kwih-seh-tay-see-ay), class Equisetopsida. The fifteen species in this genus are the only surviving members of a group 375 million years old.

ï Most modern horsetails are between 8 inches and 5 feet (0.2–1.5 meters) tall (though some species are larger) and grow in wet, sandy, and/or clayey soils, often around water.

ï Members of the genus Equisetum are commonly called horsetails, as some species resemble the tail of a horse. Equisetum translates in Latin to “horse bristle”.

ï Horsetails predate many of the plants and plant characteristics that are familiar to us today, including flowering and fruiting plants, modern broad-leaved trees, and the grasses.

ï Angiosperm (an-jee-oh-spurm): a plant in the division Magnoliophyta, the flowering plants. These evolved in the Mesozoic era, long after the horsetails appeared.

ï Carboniferous (Kar-buh-nif-er-us): the geologic time period lasting from approximately 354 to 290 million years ago, during which the Equisetaceae were at the peak of their diversity and abundance. The name is Latin for “coal bearing”, and refers to the abundant peat bogs of the time, which fossilized into vast coal deposits.

ï Arthrophytes (ar-thro-fytes): in the past, horsetails have been given their own division (equivalent to a phylum in animal classification), alternately titled Arthrophyta, Equisetophyta, or Sphenophyta. More recently, it has been suggested that they are actually in the same division as ferns (Pteridophyta). I was unaware of this at the time I composed the poem in 2008, and my Plant Systematics textbook (which may have been slightly out-of-date) grouped the horsetails under Arthrophyta, hence my use of the division name here.

ï Calamites (Kal-a-myte-eez) was a genus of tree-like horsetail from the Carboniferous. Fossils of trunks over 6 feet (2 meters) in diameter are known, and they are estimated to have grown 50 to 100 feet (15 to 30 meters) tall.

ï Strobili (stro-bih-lye): the spore-bearing structures at the ends of horsetail stems. In some species, the main stem is topped with a single strobilus.

ï Horsetails evolved in the Devonian period, at around the time the first tetrapods (four-legged backboned animalsóa group which includes humans) arose from lobe-finned fish. Likewise, the oldest known flying insects date from the Carboniferous.

ï The abrasive stems of some horsetail species have been used in the past for scrubbing pots, pans, and other metal utensils, hence their alternative name, scouring rush.

ï Genera (jen-er-a): plural of genus (jee-nus), a unit of biological classification above family and below species (Example: the species Tyrannosaurus rex is in the genus Tyrannosaurus).

ï Equisetaceae (eh-kwih-seh-tay-see-ay): as mentioned above, the horsetail family, limited today to fifteen species in one genus.



The photo (click for a larger image) is of a woodland horsetail (Equisetum sylvaticum) I picked in the woods outside our house this Tuesday (to show a visiting relative what a horsetail looked like while sharing the poem). The stem was almost completely straight when I plucked it, but it started to wilt almost immediately, giving the plant a melancholy appearance which I felt suited the poem perfectly. (As an aside, horsetails sprout from horizontal underground stems called rhizomes, so in picking one I was not hurting the would plant any more than you would damage the grass on your lawn by mowing it, for those of you who might be concerned that I killed a horsetail for the sake of a visual aid. :p)

15
Starday Wishes / Happy Star Day, Dima02!
« on: May 19, 2010, 02:45:37 AM »
You share your birthday with NewOrder, but I thought I'd create a new thread. May it be bumped each year for a long time to come. ;)

:birthday :birthday :birthday :birthday :birthday :birthday :birthday :birthday :birthday :birthday :birthday :birthday :birthday :birthday Happy 14th! :wow :smile :DD

16
Real-Life Captions / Sleeping kangaroo
« on: May 01, 2010, 12:11:45 AM »
Three weeks ago I was visiting the zoo with my family, and we saw this sleeping red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) in a position that just screamed “caption me!” :lol I'm sure we can come up with lots of 'em for this one:



“Ohhhhh...I ate WAAAAAYYY too much grass...”

17
Silver Screen / Legend of the Guardians
« on: March 07, 2010, 01:11:03 AM »
Ptyra and I started a sort of impromptu discussion of this movie on the “How are you Feeling?” thread, so I figured I'd start a topic for it.

Personally, I'm really excited for this movie. I saw the trailer today in the theater, and was positively overwhelmed. :wow Still, I'm pretty worried about how the movie will be condensed and changed from the book series it is based on. :unsure: (For starters, I don't like that the movie title was changed from “Guardians of Ga'Hoole” to theóin my opinionórelatively boring and unoriginal “Legend of the Guardians”.)

18
Starday Wishes / Happy Star Day to craZ4knux and benicia16
« on: January 27, 2010, 11:01:41 PM »
Holy buckets! Two double star days, two days in a row! :blink:

Neither of these members seems to be particularly active, but apparently both have been on the GOF in the last couple of weeks, so I figured there was no harm in making this thread for them.

:birthday :birthday Happy star day to the both of you! :DD :smile
:celebrate :cheers :D :cheers :celebrate

19
Starday Wishes / Happy star day, Spyro!
« on: October 24, 2009, 03:04:26 AM »
I'm not usually the one to start birthday topics (actually, I've never started one; somebody else always beats me to the punch :p), but I thought Spyro deserved one (even if it is a bit late).

Happy belated 15th star day, pal! Here's fifteen emoticon party guests! :birthday :celebrate :celebrate :celebrate :cheers

20
General Land Before Time / The Land Before Time Glossary
« on: September 29, 2009, 06:00:47 PM »
red = canon, blue = fanbase

Dinosaurs*
Ankylosaurus – Clubtail
Archelon – Shellback Swimmer, Shell Swimmer, Shelled Swimmer
Beipiaosaurus – Yellow Belly
Carnivore – Sharptooth
ï Allosaurus – Ridge-Eye Sharptooth, Scrapebiter Sharptooth
ï Baryonyx – Clawhand, Fishing Sharptooth, Longnose Sharptooth, Longsnout Sharptooth
ï Deinonychus – Fastclaw, Sickleclaw, Terrorclaw
ï Liopleurodon – Sharptooth Swimmer, Swimming Sharptooth
ï Shark – Swimming Sharptooth
ï Spinosaurus – Sailback Sharptooth, Spineback, Spined Sharptooth
ï Tyrannosaurus – Bonecrusher Sharptooth, Crunchbiter, Twoclaw Sharptooth, Two Finger Sharptooth
ï Utahraptor or Velociraptor – Fast Biter
Crocodilian – Bellydragger
ï Deinosuchus – Bigmouth Bellydragger
ï Sarcosuchus – Longnose Bellydragger, Longsnout Bellydragger
Centrosaurus – Onehorn
Chasmosaurus – Squareshield
Compsognathus – Little Biter, Nipper, Safe Sharptooth*, Tiny Biter, Tiny Sharptooth
Dimetrodon – Fanback, Sailcrawler
Elasmosaurus – Longneck Swimmer, Swimming Longneck, Water Longneck
Gallimimus/Troodon – Rainbow Face
Hadrosaur – Duckbill*, Swimmer
ï Corythosaurus – Crested Swimmer, Cresthead Swimmer, Whistler, Whistling Swimmer
ï Edmontosaurus – Crestless Swimmer, Widebeak Swimmer
ï Lambeosaurus – Hornbill, Twocrest Swimmer
ï Maiasaura – Crestless Swimmer
ï Parasaurolophus – Hollowhorn, Longcrest Swimmer, Tubehead*
ï Saurolophus – Bigmouth, Swimmer
Hypsilophodon – False Sharptooth*, Runner, Sprinter
Ichthyornis – Sharpbeak
Iguanodon – False Longneck*, Spikethumb, Thornthumb
Kentrosaurus – Spikeback
Microraptor – Fourwing, Glider
Mussaurus – Tinysaurus, Tiny Longneck
Muttaburrasaurus – Bignose
Nodosaurus – Pebbleback, Shieldback
Ophthalmosaurus – Big Water Swimmer, Finned Swimmer, Squeaking Swimmer, Talkback Swimmer
Ouranosaurus – Crestback, Finback, Sailback
Oviraptor – Fast Runner
Pachyrhinosaurus – Bumphead, Thicknose
Pachycephalosaur – Bonehead, Domehead, Skull-Basher, Thickhead
ï Pachycephalosaurus – Bonehead, Domehead, Skull-Basher, Thickhead
ï Prenocephale/Stegoceras – Domehead
Pterosaur – Flyer
ï Cearadactylus – Sharptooth Flyer
ï Pteranodon – Crested Flyer, Tallcrest Flyer
ï Quetzalcoatlus – Giant Flyer
ï Rhamphorhynchus – Longtail Flyer
Sauropod – Longneck
ï Amargasaurus – Crestneck Longneck, Fin-Neck Longneck, Sailneck Longneck
ï Apatosaurus – Flathead Longneck
ï Brachiosaurus – Great Neck, Skyreacher Longneck, Tallneck
ï Camarasaurus – Squarehead Longneck
ï Diplodocus – Longsnout Longneck, Whiptail Longneck
ï Saltasaurus – Pebbleback Longneck
ï Supersaurus – Earthshake Longneck*, Earthshaker Longneck*
Scolosaurus* – Digger, Spikeback
Stegosaurus – Spiketail
Struthiomimus – Egg Eater, Egg Napper, Egg Stealer
Styracosaurus – Crownhorn, Spikefrill, Spikehead
Triceratops – Threehorn

Non-Canon Dinosaurs*
Alvarezsaurus – Oneclaw
Brachytrachelopan – False Longneck, Shortneck, Shortneck Longneck
Carnotaurus – Horned Sharptooth
Charonosaurus – Longcrest Swimmer
Einiosaurus – Frontinghorn
Gastonia – Sharptail
Irritator – Horned Clawhand
Masiakasaurus – Spikemouth
Plateosaurus – Hookthumb
Protoceratops – Nohorn, Zerohorn
Saltopus – Jumper, Leaper, Little Biter, Nipper, Safe Sharptooth*, Tiny Biter, Tiny Sharptooth
Seismosaurus – Earthshake Longneck*, Earthshaker Longneck*
Shunosaurus – Clubtail Longneck
Therizinosaurus – Bigclaw, Longclaw

Natural Objects and Phenomena
Autumn – Time of the Changing Tree Stars
Canyon – Big Ditch
Cloud – Sky Puffy
Cold Time – Winter
Crystal – Shiny Stone
Earthquake – Earthshake
Echo – Talk-Back
Geode – Sky Color Stone
Geyser – Jumping Water
Ice – Hard Water
Lava – Fire-Water, Flowing Fire
Lava Bomb – Fire Rock*
Lava Pit – Fire Pit
Lightning – Sky Fire
Meteorite – Flying Rock
Monsoon Season – Days of Rising Waters
Moon – Great Night Circle, Night Circle
Mudslide – Running Mud
Quicksand – Sinking Sand
Rain – Skywater
Rainbow – Sky Colors
River – Water Path*
River Rapids – Fast Water
Sea – Big Water
Snowflakes – Frozen Sky Stars, Frozen Skywater
Smoke – Fire Signs*
Snow – White Ground Sparkles
Stalactite or Stalagmite – Stone Tooth
Stars – Lesser Lights*
Sulfur Mud Pot – Stinky Pool
Sun – Bright Circle, Great Circle
Sunrise – Brightrise*
Sunset – Brightfall*
Thunder – Sky Boom
Tornado – Whirling Wind
Volcano – Booming Mountain, Burning Mountain, Smoking Mountain
Volcanic Crater – Gurgling Pit
Volcanic Mud – Bubbling Goo, Bubbly Goo
Winter – Cold Time

Fauna
Ammonite – Hard Floater, Swimming Shell
Bee – Buzzing Buzzer, Buzzing Stinger, Stinging Buzzer, Yellow Buzzer
Clam – Snapping Shell
Crab – Crawling Pincher, Sand Creeper
Crayfish – River Pincher
Firefly – Glowing Buzzer
Fish – Finned Swimmer, Splasher, Water Scaly, Water Splasher, Water Swimmer, Water-Breathing Swimmer
Frog – Hopper
Insect – Crawler, Creepy Crawler, Creepy Crawly, Ground Crawler
Lizard – Scaly Creeper, Scaly Crawler
Locust – Swarming Leaf-Gobbler
Mammal – Fuzzball, Fuzzer, Fuzzy, Tickly Fuzzy*
Mosquito – Swarming Biter
Snake – Scaly Nofooter, Scaly Worm
Starfish – Star Swimmer

Flora
Cloud-Tearer* – redwood tree
Flower Dust or Yellow Puffies – pollen
Green Food – vegetation
Ground Star – a star-shaped leaf from a bush
Ground Prickly – burr
Night Flower – a variety of nocturnally blooming golden flower
Pointy Seed – pinecone
Swamp Sticks* – cattails or reeds
Sweet Bubbles – grapes
Tree Fuzz – moss
Tree Star – any star-shaped leaf
Tree Sweet – fruit or tree blossom
Water Greens – aquatic vegetation

Descriptive Terms
Farwalker – any migratory land animal
Flattooth or Leafeater – any plant-eating dinosaur
Fourfooter or Fourlegger – any quadrupedal animal
Groundwalker or Landwalker – any land animal
Halftooth* – any dinosaur capable of eating both plants and meat
Sharptooth – any meat-eating dinosaur
Swimmer – any aquatic animal
Story Speaker – a traveling storyteller
Twofooter or Twolegger – any bipedal animal

Insults and Profanities
Bark Beak – insult to Leafeater Flyers
Bark Breath – insult to Leafeaters
Beakhead – a possible slur towards Flyers (and/or other beaked creatures)
Bigface – a possible slur towards Bigmouths/Swimmers
Conehead – insult to Flyers with crests (Pteranodon)
Egg – implies immaturity
Flathead – a possible slur towards Longnecks
Hatchling – implies immaturity
Leaf-Licker – a possible slur towards Leafeaters
Ground Scraper – possibly a slur towards Bellydraggers
Rockhead – general insult, possibly implies stupidity
Sap-Sucker – insult to Leafeaters
Scaredy Egg – implies cowardice
Sharptooth Dirt – extremely offensive profanity, equivalent to BS
Son of a Tar Pit – extremely offensive profanity, equivalent to SOB
Spiketail Dirt – offensive profanity, equivalent to BS
Wingbrain – insult to Flyers

Miscellaneous
Flowing Sniffer – runny nose
Foot Hole or Foot Mark – footprint
Hatch Day or Star Day – birthday
Land Foot* – the foot of a land animal
 Napeshield or Neckshield – the frill of a threehorn or other ceratopsian
Sleep Rumble – snore (to make sleep rumbles = to snore)
Sleep Story – dream
Sleep Terror* – nightmare
Sniffer – nose
Swimmer- Splasher or Swimmer and Splasher – a game played in water apparently equivalent to Marco Polo
Water Foot* – a fin, flipper, or fluke
Tickly Fuzzies – fur or hair
Time of Great Growing or Time of Rebellion – adolescence

*referenced in Notes

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